Cousin Frankel J. Obesity has its match: Blockbuster weight-loss drug promises broader health benefits. Science. 2023;382:1227.
Rubino D, Abrahamson N, Davis M, Hesse D, Greenway FL, Jensen C, et al. Effects of continuous weekly subcutaneous administration of semaglutide and placebo on maintenance of weight loss in overweight or obese adults: STEP 4 randomized clinical trial. . jam. 2021;325:1414–25.
Liu BY, Rome BN. State coverage and reimbursement of anti-obesity drugs in Medicaid. jam. 2024;331:1230–1.
Cawley J, Biener A, Meyerhoefer C, Ding Y, Zvenyach T, Smolarz BG, et al. Direct medical costs of obesity in the United States and its most populous states. J Mang Care Spec Pharm. 2021;27:354–66.
Trogdon JG, Finkelstein EA, Hylands T, Dellea PS, Kamal-Bahl SJ. Indirect costs of obesity: A review of current literature. Obes Rev. 2008;9:489–500.
Withrow D, Alter DA. The economic burden of obesity around the world: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obes Rev. 2011;12:131–41.
Blundell J, Finlayson G, Axelsen M, Flint A, Gibbons C, Kvist T, et al. Effects of weekly semaglutide on appetite, energy intake, feeding control, food preference, and body weight in obese patients. Diabetes Obesity Meta Tab. 2017;19:1242–51.
Friedrichsen M, Breitschaft A, Tadayon S, Wizert A, Skovgaard D. Effects of weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on energy intake, appetite, feeding control, and gastric emptying in obese adults. Diabetes Obesity Meta Tab. 2021;23:754–62.
Heise T, DeVries JH, Urva S, Li J, Pratt EJ, Thomas MK, et al. Tirzepatide reduces appetite, energy intake, and fat mass in patients with type 2 diabetes. diabetes care. 2023;46:998–1004.
Peck E. How weight loss drugs like Ozempic could fundamentally reshape the food business. Axios, October 2023. Accessed May 3, 2024. https://www.axios.com/2023/10/06/ozempic-weight-loss-drugs-food-business.
Bettadapura S, Dowling K, Jablon K, Al-Humadi AW, Le Roux CW. Changes in food preference and intake behavior after glucagon-like peptide-1 analog treatment: techniques and opportunities. Int J Obes. 2024 (March 7);1–9.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Expenditure Survey. No date. Accessed April 20, 2024. https://www.bls.gov/cex/.
Green L, Taddei-Allen P. Changing the paradigm: Reimagining antiobesity drug coverage for plan sponsors. J Mang Care Spec Pharm. 2023;29:564–8.
Nguyen T, Wong E, Cope R. Efficacy and pharmacoeconomic evaluation of semaglutide and tirzepatide in obesity. Am J Sir. 2023;30:e347–52.
Levi J, Wang J, Venter F, Hill A. Estimated lowest and lowest available national prices for anti-obesity drugs: Improving affordability and access to treatment. Obes (Silver Spring). 2023;31:1270–9.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Average Food for U.S. Cities. Accessed May 2024. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIUFDNS.
Guzman G, Kollar M. US Revenue: 2022. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Report, P60-279. U.S. Government Publishing House, Washington, DC, September 2023.
Lieberman DA. The State of Obesity in 2021: Better Policies for a Healthier America. Confidence in America’s Health. 2021. Accessed May 2024. https://www.tfah.org/report-details/state-of-obesity-2022.